This habit of putting toys in the mouth stems from the developing sense of the type of objects. They feel everything through their mouth. Another very important reason which often gets overlooked is “teething”.  Teething is a normal phenomenon and will happen at its own speed. You should avoid stressing if your 8 month old is yet to get his little teeth. They will be here sooner or later.

When do Babies Start Teething?

Teething in babies occurs between 4 to 7 months of age. The baby first gets a temporary set of teeth or milk teeth. These are 20 in number and erupt completely by the time the child turns 3 years of age. Then around the age of 7, the milk teeth begin to fall in their order of appearance and are replaced by permanent teeth which are 32 in number. If your baby is teething, then the gums get swollen and itchy before the teeth actually break out. To soothe the itching, they put things in their mouth. This may lead to infections and at times loose motions.

Most of the babies will follow this teething pattern but there are times when the teething is delayed or abnormal. Abnormal teething can occur due to minor problems like a new tooth erupting in the way of another tooth, impacted tooth which causes pain because the position is such that it cannot erupt. Absence of tooth, broken or crooked tooth may be seen in some children. In case your baby has not got any of the milk teeth by the age of 18 months, then you should consult the doctor,

Signs of Teething

• Putting everything in the mouth is one of the early teething symptoms.
• Desire to bite things, toys and clothes
• Drooling. The excessive saliva secretion may lead to a teething rash on cheeks, chin and lips.
• Redness, swelling and tenderness of the gums just before the tooth erupts. This can make the child cranky and irritable.
• Decreased appetite as the teething baby refuses to eat on account of the pain
• Diarrhea or frequent watery stools due to a mild infection
• Rubbing of ears due to an earache.

Most of these common symptoms of teething are seen a few days before the tooth is going to erupt and tend to go away on their own once the tooth breaks out from the gums.

If the child has fever and cold like symptoms during teething, they are most likely to be unrelated to the teething and will go away on their own. In older kids, toddler fever teething may be confused at times since the child will be cranky and rub his ears all the time.

How To Help Your Teething Baby?

When you notice the above symptoms and you feel that your baby is teething, you can try these tips and home remedies to soothe your baby.

1. 1. Everyday in the morning clean your baby’s gums and tongue with a clean washcloth. Rub and massage the gums so that the pain and swelling go down. At the time of teething babies like a gentle pressure and rubbing on their gums. Keep the washcloth in a box after washing it as you don’t want it lying around and becoming the source of infection for the baby.
   2. Offer your baby a teething ring. Teether for baby are quite popular and easily available. Silicone rings are also available. Make sure whatever tether you buy is of good quality and safe for the baby. You should choose the ones that are BPA free. Follow the instructions and sterilize the tether before you give it to the baby. Water filled tethers are available which can be cooled and given to the baby for teething relief. Frozen washcloths can also be a good alternative.
   3. You can give the baby large pieces of a cold fruit or vegetable to chew on. The coldness will help to bring down the swelling of the gums.
   4. If the pain and swelling is too much, you can give your baby acetaminophen with the permission of your treating doctor.
   5. Baby teething gel and teething medicine may be prescribed by the doctor wherever necessary.
   6. Teething and diarrhoea are co-related. Many babies develop diarrhea at the time of teething. This is mainly because of a mild infection that the baby catches when he puts everything in his mouth. You must modify the diet at this time. Boil the baby’s drinking water very nicely and sterilize the teethers and other toys by washing them in hot water.
   7. Once you have understood what all you can do for the baby, here is a list of things that you should never use for a teething baby-
      • Never give aspirin to a baby
      • Never apply alcohol to the baby’s gums
      • Never allow your baby to chew hard plastic toys as they can be a choking hazard as well as a source of infection.
      • Never given frozen objects to the baby to put in the mouth. You can cool a water tether but not freeze it.

Caring For The New Teeth

Your baby’s teeth are finally here. The first ones to appear will be the lower two middle teeth followed by the upper two. You will enjoy the cute toothy smile a lot these days.

Good oral hygiene should begin from the day your baby gets his first tooth. Make a practice of cleaning the gums and teeth with a washcloth after each meal. Fluoride has known to be very effective in terms of reducing tooth cavities. The supplementation of fluoride for the child must always be done after checking the water source and the fluoride content in it. Excess fluoride intake can lead to permanent staining of the teeth called fluorosis. The most vulnerable age group for this is between one and three. So you must avoid using a fluoridated toothpaste for your child.

To maintain the teeth and prevent cavities, you must never give the baby a bottle in the crib. If the baby drinks to sleep, some amount of milk stays in the teeth all night and gives rise to cavities. Also you must avoid giving sugary foods in the night and fruits that may stick in the teeth like raisins, dates etc. If the food lodgment is not cleaned properly, it can lead to tooth decay.

Get a baby brush for your little one and develop the habit of brushing daily twice a day. You can start this once the child has got most of the teeth around the age of one. Before that there is no need to use a brush, you can just clean the teeth with an infant tooth cleaner or a clean washcloth.

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Despite being steadfast about oral care and hygiene, you’ll surely end up experiencing a toothache pain at some stage of your life. Though a decaying tooth or cavity is more often behind the discomfiture resulting from your toothache, there could be numerous other underlying causes of toothache. Other probable toothache causes include:

• Improper or damaged filling
• Pyorrhea
• Gingivitis
• Bruxism (grinding tooth)
• Wisdom teeth emergence
• Fractured tooth
• Abscessed tooth
• Sinusitis
• And so on…

Sometimes a toothache may recede without your having to take a painkiller or other medications and you can prevent its recurrence by following a proper oral care regimen. However, if the toothache persists or becomes severe with every passing moment, calling up a dentist for telephonic consultation and/or making an appointment would be the most practical course of action. The dentist is the appropriate medical professional who can tell you how to stop a toothache by pinpointing the exact cause of your toothache through standardized dental exams or checkups, and suggest a systematic course of treatment (1).

Toothache causes and symptoms (toothache after filling, toothache after root canal)

Inflammation in the middle of the tooth known as the pulp can give you a toothache. Nerve axons in the pulp are highly sensitive or susceptible to pain resulting from inflammation in the pulp that can happen because of gum infection, tooth decay, cavity or trauma. Pain in the tooth or jaw is practically widespread nowadays. So, there is no need to be unnecessarily alarmed if you have a shooting pain in your tooth after sipping a chilled beverage or cup of hot tea.

Nevertheless if it continues to ache and lasts for an inordinately long period, say a couple of days, then it could be indicative of a serious underlying issue. Acute dental inflammation will cause pain that may become intolerable and spread to the gums, jaws, and ears (2). Toothache causes could be suggestive of serious ailments like heart disease or diabetes or could be indicate a relatively innocuous tooth fracture or decay. Experiencing toothache after filling or crown gets damaged or toothache after root canal treatment (in case the procedure was hastily completed or not carried out properly) is not uncommon either.

Symptoms or signs leading to toothaches that might warrant medical intervention include:

• Pain while biting into food and chewing
• Inflammation around a tooth or swelling of the cheek or jaw
• Bleeding from the tooth or gums or discharge that has a foul taste or smell
• Recurring spells of fever
• Trauma resulting from infection or injury to the affected area
• Periodontal disease

Sometimes, aches in the jaws or face could be mistaken for a toothache. Pain arising out of sinusitis, otitis (external, middle or internal), laryngitis, and pharyngitis could be misinterpreted as toothache. Injury or wound in the TMJ or temporomandibular joint (the part or section that joins the jaws with the cranium) could also cause pains or aches that many individual confuse with toothaches (3).

Toothache medicines (toothache pain relief)

You may not always be able to schedule an appointment with the dentist right away. In such a circumstance, not attending or treating your pain could intensify the ache leading to a more critical situation. Till the time you arrange a meeting with the dentist, you could abide by some self-treatment techniques for getting relief from inflammation or alleviating pain at least temporarily.

• Use a good quality dental floss to dislodge or remove food particles or condiments that may get trapped in between teeth
• Add a pinch of salt to lukewarm water and thoroughly rinse your mouth with the solution
• If you’re in a trauma owing to an infection or injury in the gums or teeth, you could compress an ice pack on the exterior for getting some relief from pain
• Directly apply clove oil to the affected area with a swab of cotton for numbing the pain (3)
• Direct application of an antiseptic cream or ointment (infused with benzocaine) may also prove effective
• Take toothache medicines like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a painkiller/analgesic (ibuprofen) when the pain becomes intense
• Abstain from applying topical preparations of aspirin or other analgesics over the gums or teeth to prevent burning or charring

Seeking Medical Care

Calling up a dentist or a GP becomes imperative for seeking his or her counsel for the below-mentioned concerns:

• When self-care treatment procedures don’t offer you relief from toothache
• Going for a thorough dental examination or checkup would still be beneficial even if your ache is relieved as knowing the exact cause will let you cope with and treat the pain more effectively during recurrences
• When you’re down with a fever or putting up with a swelling or having a discharge, it could signal that you’re suffering from an infection of the jawbone, gums or the teeth
• Inflammation or swelling could suggest an abscessed tooth that can be treated via antibiotics or through a surgical process (root canal treatment)
• When you continue to have pain even after extracting a decayed tooth which means your tooth socket or opening has not healed up sufficiently
• Growth or appearance of wisdom teeth in children could be painful. Emergence of wisdom molars cause inflammation or swelling in the area surrounding the tooth could result in infection of the gum as well
• Oftentimes the actual or original cause of your tooth pain may not have anything to do with your teeth, gums or dentine structure. What you may consider as a harmless jaw pain or toothache could be a symptom of heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction or ischemia (2)

Toothache home remedies

You know you’ve a toothache when you’re inconvenienced with a sore mouth, throbbing gums, and pounding head. In case you’re not able to fix an engagement with a dentist or doctor right away, you can make the most of toothache home remedies so as to get interim relief (4). Rinsing your mouth with warm salted water is a time-honored home remedy that can be extremely effective in helping you to get relief almost instantly. Other home remedies include OTC pain relievers, cold compress, and oil of clove.

References:

1. http://www.emedicinehealth.com
2. https://www.deltadentalins.com
3. http://www.webmd.com
4. http://www.webmd.com

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Odontoma is a specific type of tumor that is benign and located in your mouth. It is made of all or some of the tissues that make your teeth. However, these tissues may or may not be arranged in the form of a tooth.  It may not be visible to the naked eye.  It is a mass of enamel, dentin, pulp and cementum that usually grows at the same rate as teeth. However, this mass is disorganized and any one of the components may become the dominant part.[1]

Odontoma is most often found in people around age 14 as a tooth that has not emerged. [3] More complex odontoma are found in males up to age 30. [7 ] Though more recent data indicates these tumors are found in both genders. [11]

Types of Odontoma

There are  two general types of odontoma, some are more serious than others: Common odontoma and complex odontoma. These are further defined by specific components. They are described in part by their location and origin:

• Ameloblastic [2]
• Compound
  
• Radicular
  
• Temporal
  

Picture : Odontoma

Symptoms of Odontoma

There are many symptoms of Odontoma but they are often overlooked or misdiagnosed. One that is serious is difficulty with swallowing. (dysphagia).  If a tooth is delayed when it ought to be erupting, that is another sign that something is not right. If you have a lump in your gum that could be a symptom of odontoma.  Some may be confused initially with an impacted wisdom tooth.

You could also have a primary tooth that is not coming out as it should. Also, if the bone beneath your tooth is enlarged, your dentist will notice this as a possible sign of odontoma.[4] These are some reasons why you need to keep a good connection with your dentist. That way the dentist becomes familiar with your teeth and oral conditions.

Diagnosis of Odontoma

Odontoma does not usually show external symptoms. These tumors are revealed when the x-rays are examined by the dentist. Although it is true that a delayed tooth or absent tooth may suggest there is a need for further examination. [5]

The presence of an a tumor of dental origin requires further examination to determine what type of tumor it is before further action is taken. In addition, a histological diagnosis of the tissues that were extracted provides valuable information to the dentist.

Odontoma Histology

No one really knows why an odontoma forms. The most likely reasons are trauma and/or infection at the site. Some dentists and researchers believe they are hereditary or they develop because of genetic mutations.[7] One example of an inherited syndrome is known as Gardener Syndrome. It is responsible for a wide range of tumors in the body, including occasional odontoma.[8]  When examined at the cellular level, all of the dental tissues are found, but in an abnormal combination.

Pulp, dentin, enamel and cementum may sometimes resemble a tooth like structure in a compound odontoma. These denticles are found in a surrounding supporting layer of fibrous cells. Since it is decalcified, the enamel looks like spaces around the tiny tooth structures.  [11]   Looking closer, you can see the calicified material either as a solid mass or as multiple, small tooth-like bodies visible by x-rays. Because it is easily separated from its bony location it can be distinguished from other possible tumors.[7]

A complex odontoma has no specific sequence for all of the dental tissue. It does not resemble normal tooth structure. At the cellular level it appears as mostly tubular dentin that encloses hollow spaces. These circular spaces are decalcified but they once held enamel. On the edges there may be a thin layer of cementum which forms a capsule like tissue surrounding the mass. [11]

Histology Picture 1 : ODONTOMA (Complex) Histological features

Histology Picture 2 : ODONTOMA (Compound) Histological features

CT Findings for Odontoma

CT findings refers to the images found by x-rays enhanced by computer tomography(a layered sectional view). These advanced technological images help the dentist see what is inside the tumor before engaging in surgery to remove it.  They are each unique in formation and each arrangement of dental tissue can determine what kind of structure it has. Sometimes a complex odontoma can extend into the nasal cavity and require special attention.[9]

It is important to perform a complete examination beyond a simple x-ray to obtain this additional information.  Sometimes magnetic imaging is recommended (MRI) to gain a thorough analysis of a complex mass.

CT Picture 1 : Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (Axial CT scan in left maxilla in 17 year old girl)

CT Picture 2 : Ameloblastic Fibroodontoma (Axial CT scan of right maxilla in 10 year old boy)

CT Picture 3 : Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Axial CT scan of mandible in 17 year old girl)

Treatment of Odontoma

The only real treatment of an these dental tumors is removal by surgery. An early discovery and treatment will be beneficial to the patient. It is a benign tumor made of dental tissue and it is a fairly simple extraction in most cases. A speedy recovery is generally expected. [6]  Some complex tumors can result in complications after extraction. So it is essential to stay in contact with your surgeon. [7]

Research on Odontoma

How often are each of these dental abnormalities found?  Which are more common?  After reviewing 104 cases, 67 were identified as compound and 32 were diagnosed as complex.  It is rare to find both types or multiple odontomas. Only 5 such cases were found in this study.[ 7]

Odontoma Video

References

1. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/odontoma
2. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/…loblastic
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odontoma
4. http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/o/odontoma/intro.htm
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996496/
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340730
7. http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojst/
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner’s_syndrome
9. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Complex+odontoma+of+the+nasal+cavity%3a+a+case+report.-a0179614104
10. http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/ajr.177.4.1770937
11. http://dentallecnotes.blogspot.in/2011/07/oral-pathology-lectue-note-odontogenic_23.html

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An abscessed tooth is one of the worst dental pains anyone can experience. It may affect only a region of the mouth, but the entire body endures its pain.  Those who suffer from this condition find it extremely difficult to function efficiently.  Consequently they end up suffering the pain at the comfort of their homes. It is an infected tooth that needs attention.

Nature of Abscessed Tooth

An Abscessed Tooth is an infection affecting the root of a tooth or that which is located between the tooth and the gum. This causes openings in the tooth enamel which allows bacteria to enter the center of the tooth, referred to as the pulp. As a result, infection further spreads to the roots of the tooth and into its supporting bones.

Causes of Abscessed Tooth

The main cause for an abscessed tooth is bacterial infection. This is especially true for patients who have undergone complex dental treatments in the past. Research shows that they are more susceptible to this type of infection because it is possible that the exposed pulp or gum of the tooth may have been invaded by the bacteria.

For that reason, it is absolutely important for  patients who have undergone crown, root canal or tooth filling treatment to follow the prescribed medication of their dentist after the dental procedure. However,  these microbes have no chance of multiplying if patients follow proper dental hygiene.

Another possible factor for abscessed tooth is age. The immune system of the body decreases as you age. This  makes elders more susceptible to this type of infection. It is helpful if you can take additional Vitamin C supplements to further increase your tolerance to these types of microbial attacks.  But in any case, following proper hygiene is still very beneficial.

Symptoms of Abscessed Tooth

• Pain– A common toothache will not result in  gnawing, throbbing, shooting or sharp pain. If you have  this type of pain, it is more likely this is already a sign of an abscessed tooth.
• Pain on chewing-you may experience pain while chewing
• Bitter taste in the mouth
• Teeth sensitivity to cold and hot foods
• Swollen neck glands
• Swelling and redness of the gums
• General discomfort and
• Foul smell to the breath.[1]

Diagnosis of Abscessed Tooth

Your dentist will examine your teeth and ask questions about the kind of pain you are having.  Pressure on your tooth will cause pain. Using a simple dental probe, your dentist will tap on your tooth  or surrounding gums to find out if there is decay or infection. Sometimes an x-ray is needed to confirm the extent of the abscess and amount of damage to surrounding tissue.[2]

Treatment for Abscessed Tooth

Generally,  the abscessed tooth must be drained to reduce infection and preserve the tooth. Usually this is accomplished be performing a root canal.

• During a root canal, the nerve and pulp of the tooth is removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned before it is sealed once again.
• In some cases, root canal surgery may also remove the diseased root tissue and a replacement crown will be placed over it.
• Another option is tooth extraction which allows drainage of the abscess through the socket.
• The last option is the process of incision through the swollen gum tissue for the dentist to get rid of the abscess contained in it.  [2]

Pain Management in Abscessed Tooth

The pain experienced because of the abscessed tooth will not immediately subside even after draining it.  That is why dentists prescribe antibiotics to prevent the spread of the infection.

To help relieve the pain and discomfort because of the abscessed tooth, dentists recommend warm salt-water rinses and over the counter medication for pain like ibuprofen which includes Motrin or Advil.

Sometimes the dentist prescribes antibiotics to get the infection under control before treating the abscessed tooth.

Common Antibiotics

Abscessed tooth is a result of bacterial infection, so one of the best ways to combat it is through the use antibiotics like amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, co-amoxiclav, and penicillin.

• Amoxicillin– This is used as both cure and prevention for abscessed teeth. It may not kill the bacteria causing the infection but it will stop it from multiplying and further destroying the cell walls in the tissues  of your mouth. It is available in different types of brand names like Dispermox, Trimox and Amoxil and can be administered in forms of capsules, tablets, and powder. However, patients should be reminded that use of this antibiotic may result to vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and itching.

• Clindamycin--This antibiotic is given to individuals who are allergic to the penicillin group. It helps prevent and eliminate the infection and is available under popular brand names like Cleocin. However, it should be taken cautiously with equal intervals. It has a specific prescribed duration because sudden stop in its intake may result in rapid bacterial growth. Some of the common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea and nausea.

• Metronidazole —Metronidazole is an antibiotic used against susceptible bacteria. It blocks some of  the bacterial  functions resulting in its elimination. This type of antibiotic is commonly found under the brand name Flagyl and is currently marketed by Pfizer in capsules, tablets and injection forms. Some of the possible side effects of this drug include headaches, nausea and loss of appetite.

• Co-amoxiclav–Co-amoxiclav is a type of antibiotic which contains amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate. It can be purchased under the brand names Synermox, Exclav and Augmentin and has very minor side effects like nausea and diarrhea.

• Penicillin– Penicillin is another antibiotic commonly given to patients suffering from abscessed tooth. Nevertheless, it should be combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to protected against the possible offense of these harmful bacterial. In this manner, it effectively blocks the bacterial walls until it ruptures these microbes.

Home Remedies for Abscessed Tooth

If the pain caused by your abscessed tooth happens in the evening, when it usually does, you are left with no other choice but to use the available home remedy which can help relieve you of the pain. There are many effective alternatives. Choose what you have available and what works for you.

• Place Strepsil throat lozenges right next to the area of the gum suffering from tooth abscess. This will quickly take effect on the infection and ease you of the pain.
• Crushed garlic on the infected gum for about five minutes to help minimize the spread of the infection
• Onions inside the mouth to relieve them of the pain.
• Warm or cold black bags can be soothing. Leave in place for a few hours or overnight. The tannin reduces inflammation and other ingredients can help rid the body of infection. [6]
• Tea tree oil, should not be swallowed but can provide pain relief and reduce infection.
• Oil of cloves has relieved pain of abscessed tooth for many, just as it relieves the pain for teething infants.
• Alkaline mouthwash used 3 or 4 times daily can rinse away pus and keep the infection from spreading. [4]
• Tincture of echinacea or spilanthes dripped directly onto the abscess helps boost your immune system as it slows the growth of bacteria. [5]
• Chewing plaintain leaves and placing them on the abscessed area can relieve pain temporarily. [5]
• Gargling with warm salt water can reduce inflammation. [6]

Tooth Abscess Dangers

Although these  home remedy tips may be used, it is still essential to  see your dentist immediately in the morning. This dental concern can develop into further complications. If you leave an abscessed tooth untreated it is very likely that an eruption on the skin will occur resulting in spreading the  infection. The eruption may ease the patient of the pain temporarily, but the results will be more damaging since you will have more than one tooth to worry about. Abscessed tooth is one of the problems dentists face each day.

When to See the Dentist?

Anytime you have symptoms of an abscessed tooth, go right away to your dentist. It is possible that you have facial swelling and a fever. If this is true an you cannot get to your dentist, go to an emergency room or urgent care center.

Anytime you have difficulty swallowing or breathing, you should also go to the emergency room. It is possible the infection has spread into your jaw and other oral or facial tissues. This can become serious quite quickly.  A bacterial infection in your bloodstream, sepsis, can cause infection in other parts of your body, including your brain and heart. [3]

Prevention of Abscessed Tooth

The best prevention of getting an abscessed tooth is good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth twice daily and floss daily in between your teeth.   Keep your immune system healthy.

Modern dental technology, innovations and practices  provide people with convenience and comfort. However, everyone should take note that it is our responsibility to care for our teeth.  It is your teeth. It is your health. Take good care of your oral hygiene because it has affects on all of your health. You have the power to prevent damage by taking good care of your teeth.

References

1. http://www.medicinenet.com/abscessed_tooth/article.htm#what_are_the_symptoms_of_an_abscessed_tooth
2. http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/abscessed-tooth
3. http://www.ehow.com/way_5316775_home-remedies-abscessed-tooth.html
4. http://www.homeremedycentral.com/en/home-remedies/natural-cure/abscessed-tooth.html
5. http://www.intelligentdental.com/2011/03/01/home-remedies-for-abscessed-tooth/

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A wisdom tooth is one of the last set of teeth that grows in humans, which typically sprouts between ages 17 and 21. This is a normal biological cycle but there are certain instances wherein the wisdom teeth experiences difficulty in growing normally and it gets stuck under the gums. Some would even find it difficult to break through it. This results to what is now known as impacted wisdom teeth.

Factors resulting to an Impacted Wisdom Tooth

Some of the factors which results to an impacted wisdom tooth is the inability of the jaw to provide enough space for the growth of these last set of teeth. Because of this, the tooth forces its way out at the wrong angle.

Statistics

The rate of individuals who suffer from impacted wisdom tooth is relatively high. It is not to be considered a dental worry but some would wish to eliminate this because it becomes a hiding place for plaque, food, and other debris which may eventually result to tooth decay.

Picture : Impacted Wisdom Tooth Image

Types of Wisdom Tooth Impaction

Dental experts have three classifications for the position of impacted wisdom tooth: mesial impaction, distal impaction, vertical impaction and horizontal impaction.

1. Mesial impaction, also known as angular impaction, is the positioning of the wisdom tooth toward an angled forward directed towards the front of the mouth.
2. Distal impaction refers to the positioning of the wisdom tooth towards the throat.
3. The vertical impaction is the positioning of the wisdom tooth towards the head.
4. The horizontal impaction is the positioning of the wisdom tooth sideways.

Degree of Wisdom Tooth Impaction

Aside from classifying impacted wisdom tooth based on the direction of impaction, dentists further classify them depending on the degree of impaction. Soft tissue impaction refers to the impacted wisdom tooth which is slightly covered with a gum. Partial-bony impaction is the impacted wisdom tooth which is covered by the gum and a few portion of the jaw bone. The complete bony impaction is the impacted wisdom tooth which is covered under the gum including all the jaw bone.

Impacted Wisdom Tooth Infections and Complications

You are lucky if you will not have any impacted wisdom tooth. But for those who suffer from it are prone to inflammation, facial abscess, numbness, cyst, and occlusal malalignment. Below is a brief explanation of these complications:

Cyst

It is pretty much possible that impacted wisdom tooth infection will cause cyst because of the sac which holds has the capacity to be filled with fluid. When this happens, you are to experience more pain because it may result to the damage of your entire jaw bone affecting a wide area of your teeth and nerves.

Damage to nearby teeth

Impacted wisdom tooth may force its way to erupt which may damage the second molar. Once it is pushed, the second molar becomes more vulnerable to infection. Moreover, individuals may experience misaligned teeth because of the growth of the impacted wisdom tooth.

Tooth Decay

Since impacted wisdom tooth is hard to clean, it is more prone to tooth decay. The trapped food it receives may develop plaque which will result to the faster growth of bacteria in the mouth.

Gum Disease

One of the possible problems that you may experience with impacted wisdom tooth is gum diseases. This is closely tied with the difficulty of cleaning this impacted wisdom tooth, especially that of the partially erupted wisdom teeth, which results to more inflammatory gum problems like pericoronitis.

In some instances, it may even travel downwards to your body system resulting to an airway obstruction which eventually leads to a sudden death. Thus, it is absolutely important to get rid of the problem during your younger years because impacted wisdom tooth extracted during the elder years becomes all the more problematic.

Causes of Impacted Wisdom Tooth Pain

Many attribute the cause of impacted wisdom tooth pain to stress like the nearing of final exam, pregnancy and relocation. When this happens, it is a sign that you have to seek the dentist’s assistance because the next pain that you will experience may not be as simple as it is in the past.

The pain experienced because of impacted wisdom tooth is extra-ordinary. The pain is not limited to the gums but extends to the eyes and to the head. You will experience swelling around the jaw and tender bleeding in your gums. This will make it completely impossible to eat which will result to many inconveniences. If you feel any of these, then it is high time to rush to the emergency room of your dentist and seek impacted wisdom tooth extraction.

Evaluative Measures before the Impacted Wisdom Tooth Treatment

An ordinary dentist may not be able to handle the extraction on his own. You may be requested to see an oral surgeon for further evaluation of your mouth condition. This is necessary so unwanted complications may be prevented in the future. For one, they will require you to undergo dental x-rays so they can reveal the presence of the impacted teeth and think of the best solution for it to be removed. You may also be requested to submit a medical history and a thorough examination of your gums and teeth for the operation to be successful.

Treatment

The only way for you to be free from the inconvenience brought about by impacted wisdom tooth is extraction. During this extraction, the dentist or your oral surgeon will make an incision on the gums so it can easily extract the bone that blocks the impacted tooth. Due to the complexity of these, you will be given local anesthesia to numb your mouth area; otherwise the pain will be unbearable. Once the extraction is completed, it will be stitched back and you will be given the necessary medication which must be strictly followed.

Post Extraction Problems Related to Impacted Wisdom Tooth

Expect bleeding to last until three days, which means you will be restricted to eat certain types of foods for a short period of time. You will also be limited to brush your teeth because the slightest touch on this area will cause bleeding. Gauze pads will be placed on the extraction site and should be firmly bitten down to hasten the healing process.

Swelling may also be experienced by the patient in a day or two but this is not suppose to cause you any alarm. Consider it a good sign because it implies that the healing process is normally progressing. But if the swelling occurs after a few weeks, then it is a signal that you have to go ahead and visit your dentist once again.

Never allow an inexperienced dentist to handle your wisdom tooth extraction because it is more sensitive that the common extraction that they perform. It requires more skills and knowledge. Avoid having to suffer unwanted nerve injury and complications which will produce more damage to your health and follow their prescribed post medications.

Impacted Wisdom Tooth Extraction Controversy

Due to the complexity and the complications that may arise because of impacted wisdom tooth extraction, there are certain dentists who do not recommend its extraction. In any case, the decision to proceed with the treatment rests in the hands of the patient.

Reference

http://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/patient_education/pepubs/thirdmolar.pdf

http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/orh/1302/1302-get.pdf

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Flipper teeth are types of temporary false teeth that are designed very much like an orthodontic retainer.  It is clasped to the mouth with the use of  wire clasps that are strategically cured into the denture base structure, naturally pink in color to resemble the natural base structure of the mouth. They are completely removable and designed for the dental structure of each patient. [4]

What are Flipper teeth made of?

Flipper teeth are made up of acrylic resin, the same material which is used in the manufacture of standard full dentures. This material is preferred because it is strong. It is cosmetically appealing because it closely resembles the natural color of the tooth. A recent improvement over the standard acrylic structures is called valpast and is gaining in popularity.[2]

Who are recommended to wear flipper teeth?

Those who have lost a single tooth or have 4 or more missing teeth which have natural teeth in between them may wear flipper teeth. This type of  partial denture will conveniently replace the missing teeth and clasp it in place using wire clasps, so you can still flash a perfect set of teeth every time you smile.  Often, celebrities use flipper teeth if they are in the middle of a production and cannot wait for permanent dentures. [2]

Difference between flipper teeth for kids and flipper teeth for adults

Flipper teeth are ideal for anyone who wants immediate partial denture without having to spend a fortune on it.  Temporary partial dentures, like flipper teeth, are sometimes  recommended for kids with front tooth damage, since they are still waiting for permanent teeth to grow  in a few months time. some children humiliated going to school without a tooth so parents ask dentists  to help them remedy this dental problem. [5]  Flipper teeth are also important for some adults because it costs too much to pay for a dental implant.  Therefore, they prefer to use this type of partial denture.

Picture : Flipper Teeth

How are flipper teeth made?

People who need or choose to use flipper teeth are advised to work with their dentist to make the best decision based on your overall oral health. Your dentist will create an impression of your teeth. That becomes the  pattern of the tooth that has to be replaced. Then the dentist constructs the plaster cast where the acrylic tooth or teeth will be placed.

The dentist sends the particular specification for your flipper teeth to the dental laboratory where the actual flipper teeth are made.  The next step is when the dentist fits it into your mouth properly and assures a good fit.  Instructions for the care of flipper teeth are also provided. [3]

How much do Flipper teeth cost?

At an average, flipper teeth cost $300 to $500. The prices vary widely because of the number of acrylic teeth that are required and which type of material will be used.  The addition of wire structures to secure the flipper teeth in place will add to the cost.   Nevertheless typical dental flippers are secured by simply snapping the pink acrylic between their teeth.  In some countries, flipper teeth may cost less than $100.

What are the advantages of Flipper teeth?

Convenient

Flipper teeth are very convenient to use.

Less time of fabrication

You can easily request it from your dentist who may provide the specifications to the dental laboratory without significant difficulty. As a result, you can quickly wear this partial denture in time for a big event or occasion you are planning to attend. It takes a lot less time to make them than it does to make full dentures or to complete dental implants.

Improve aesthetics

Many parents consider this for their kids. Particularly for beauty contests or stage performances or public events.  It allows the child or adult to maintain a pleasant smile even if she may have lost one of her front teeth. It is a relief to know that you can take advantage of this type of dental innovation.

Affordable

Aside from the convenience that flipper teeth bring, it is also preferred by many because of its affordability.  While dental implants and dental bridges may be more secure, these cosmetic dentistry solutions will cost you more than a thousand dollars. Not many patients have the luxury to pay this amount.  Flipper teeth will cost only $300 to $500 and with a bit of extra care, you will have your complete set of teeth once again. This will allow you time to save up for either full dentures or dental implants.

Flexibility

A major advantage you get using flipper teeth is flexibility.  If you lose another tooth within the year, the dentist can use the existing base structure and simply add an acrylic tooth into it and can replace the missing tooth. This makes flipper teeth an immediate partial denture that anyone would enjoy.  It is economical  and cosmetically appealing.

What are the disadvantages of Flipper Teeth?

It is difficult to chew with flipper teeth.  They do not have stable bridges which are provided by dental implants and bridges. Some people choose to remove their flipper teeth while eating at home.

Another concern is the difficulty of concealing the clasp wires . Some people might choose flippers if they could remain hidden.  That is why it is important to work with a good dentist and laboratory where professionals can achieve these results.

How to take care of Flipper Teeth?

Take good care of your flipper teeth and they will not easily break.  As a rule, do not wear it while sleeping because it is not healthy for your gums.  Remove it and wash it under running water. Brush the acrylic portion to remove any traces of oil. Clean the fake tooth using a soft toothbrush and tooth paste, the same way you normally do with your normal teeth.  Once done, rinse it in running water. Soak it in a glass of water overnight for it to be ready in the morning.

How about dental Flipper kits on sale online?

You may be taking good care of your flipper teeth, yet sometimes it can break. How do you fix it?  It is wise to  return to your dentist to request that he do the repair. But some people consider using  flipper kits that are sold online.  Just using ‘super glue’ is not a good idea because of the chemicals in the glue.  Also the adhesive in the online kit may may not be compatible with the materials used in your flipper teeth and can only result in dental complications.

References

1. http://www.dental–health.com/treatment_flipper_alternative.html
2. http://www.flipperteeth.com/
3. http://www.simplestepsdental.com/SS/ihtSSPrint/r.WSIHW000/st.31862/t.32275/pr.3/c.354245.html
4. http://www.ehow.com/list_7245627_dental-flipper-concerns.html#ixzz2QBeKYL00
5. http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/oral-care/procedures/flipper-teeth.htm

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Teeth grinding in children are growing to be one of the most annoying problems of parents. It is really irritating to hear your child grinding their teeth while you attempt to sleep peacefully in the evening. The least they can do is to cover their ears with the pillow and hope that it is part of the biological cycle their child is experiencing. Unfortunately, that is not the case. Teeth grinding or bruxism is an annoyance and must be properly addressed for it to stop.

Teeth Grinding Causes

Dentists believe that teeth grinding is caused by stress, but in case of little children they associate it with one of the following factors:

Emotional Factors

As mentioned above, your child may be experienced suppressed anger and frustration and may unconsciously vent out this emotions in their sleep manifested by teeth grinding in the evening.

Complications causes by other disease

Bruxism is not a major problem but it may be a hint that your child may be suffering from other diseases like Huntington or Parkinson’s disease. Although this is more associated with elders, it helps to bring your child’s condition to a physician so his condition will be properly evaluated.

Abnormal development of the jaws and teeth

This is one of the most feasible reasons why children experience bruxism. Their jaws and teeth are not yet fully developed and some are still in its growing stage. Your child may feel itchiness in the gum area and naturally responds to it through grinding.

Abnormal alignment of the teeth

Your child may have baby teeth but due to its weakness and abnormal alignment in the lower and upper teeth, it may also result to teeth grinding. This is an involuntary reaction of the mouth area as they try their best to make contact with one another.

Symptoms of Teeth Grinding

People suffering from teeth grinding will not be conscious of this problem, but those who live with them should be responsible enough to inform them about this issue. Take note of the following signs to identify if your child is suffering from one and should be brought to the attention of the dentist.

Intense clenching of the teeth

This is the primary symptom of children who suffer from teeth grinding in the evening. The child may be sleeping soundly but the teeth clenching is too extreme it wakes up other members of the family. At times, it can even be more annoying than snoring.

Worn down, flattened and chipped teeth

This is one of the worst things that your child may suffer if you will not attend to his problem of teeth grinding. He may end up with chipped teeth which can only be resolved through cosmetic dentistry.

Worn teeth enamels

The unconscious habit of teeth grinding will force your teeth to have worn teeth enamels. This is one of the things that you wish to avoid because once the teeth enamels get damaged then it will be more prone to tooth decay.

Teeth sensitivity

Due to the damage to the teeth enamel, most of the kids who suffer from bruxism will find tingling pain when they drink or eat very hot or cold foods.

Jaw pain and tightness

More of the pain experienced by the child is concentrated on the jaw and mouth area. Your child will certainly complain of these discomforts because of the pressure their jaw area experiences in the evening.

Several instances of earaches, headaches and facial pains

Teeth grinding also affect the muscular structures near the molars. This results to facial pains and recurring headaches which can only be relieved with aspirin treatment.

Damaged tissues of the cheek

Due to teeth grinding, the cheek will be prone to possible injury. So if your child complains of cheek wounds, this may be a sign of bruxism.

Picture : Teeth Grinding in Child

Diagnosis for Teeth Grinding

Teeth grinding diagnosis rests in the hands of the dentist-in-charge. He will have a full examination of the mouth area together with the ear section for a possible temporomandibular joint disorder. This is necessary so the dentist can recommend the best form of treatment.

Treatment for Teeth Grinding

The treatments that will be used for teeth grinding vary. It depends on the possible cause of this abnormality. Here are some of the most effective methods that are highly recommended by dentists:

Stress Management

Since one of the possible reasons for bruxism in kids is stress, dentists will recommend an hour or two of session with a psychologist to help the child deal with daily stress.

Use of Dental Devices and Aids

Those who suffer from bruxism because of misalignment in the teeth and jaw and bone development issues are recommended to wear mouth guards, splints and similar dental devices before sleeping. Some of these mouth guards can be purchased over-the-counter, but it is always better to purchase these devices from a professional dentist to guarantee its result. It may be a bit expensive; but it will give you more assurance that your child’s bruxism will be lessened, if not completely cured.

Behavior Therapy

This is perfect for kids who find it difficult to control their anger or for those who don’t know how to release their frustrations. There are now lots of centers who specialize in behavior therapy for teeth grinding, so it will not be too difficult for parents to find one. Dentists may even provide you with the possible centers where you can go to.

Regular Medications

Muscle relaxants may also be provided by some doctors and dentists to help minimize bruxism. These drugs should be taken a few minutes before the bedtime. However there may be several side effects brought about by these drugs, so it remains one of the least options offered by these medical professionals.

Dental Surgery

This is rarely recommended for children suffering from bruxism, but for adults who are suffering from teeth grinding then this becomes the best options. Some of the dental procedures associated with it include use of crowns and overlays.

Home Remedies for Teeth Grinding

Teeth grinding is expected to be outgrown by children as their permanent teeth erupts and their jaw fully develops. Due to this, some parents would prefer the use of home remedies like the following listed below:

Sleeping on your back

The best way to avoid suffering from teeth grinding in the evening is to sleep on your back. This is one of the most proven methods of fixing this dental problem. You just have to figure out how you will not end up sleeping on your sides in the middle of the night.

Use of warm wash cloth

Although a bit inconvenient, some children are used to placing warm washcloth around their face which will help prevent their jaws from clenching.

Use of warm massage and warm bath

Some parents would command their child to have a warm bath before sleeping. Some would even do the extra effort of massaging their child before sleeping to guarantee that they will have a relaxing sleep which is free from stress.

Use of magnesium and calcium supplements

The intake of additional food supplements like calcium and magnesium are also used by many as preventive measure to help lessen and stop teeth grinding.

Drinking of warm milk or herbal tea before sleeping

Warm milk or herbal tea before sleeping is one of the guaranteed ways used during the ancient times for a relaxing sleep. Many are still doing this to secure that their child’s teeth will not be making unnecessary sounds in the evening.

Performing deep breathing Techniques

This is a simple method with beneficial results. You can practice this technique before sleeping, so you will have a restful sleep.

Munching of apples and vegetables

You may chew all you want before sleeping in hope that your jaw will be so tired to involuntary work while you sleep. The foods you can enjoy munching includes apples, carrots and cauliflowers.

References

http://www.down-syndrome.org/updates/2048/updates-2048.pdf

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Teeth whitening are one of the most popular forms of cosmetic dentistry. It is readily available and can conveniently be bought in many stores. However, issues with regards to the use of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide in teeth whitening products have been closely studied by various organizations. Below is a list of what they have to say in reference to the use of these chemicals.

What is Hydrogen Peroxide?

Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless liquid with a molecular weight of 34.0 which is often combined with phosphoric or mineral acid, pyrophosphate salts and stannate for it to become an effective whitening ingredient. It is commercially supplied in either 33% or 37% of aqueous solution with very low levels of organic impurities and inorganic impurities including heavy metals. It is miscible in water yet considered by many as a strong oxidant that can form free radicals through the process of hemolytic cleavage.

Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide has various uses which includes the following:

• Bleaching of textiles and cellulose pulp
• Disinfection of eye contact lenses
• Disinfection of wounds
• Mouth washing

What are the products which commonly use hydrogen peroxide?

Some of the products which make use of hydrogen peroxide include:

• Hair bleaching
• Dentrifices
• Oral antiseptics
• Ear drops
• Hair relaxer
• Sore Treatments
• Tooth bleaching
• Oxidation of permanent waves

What are the classifications of hydrogen peroxide based on its tooth bleaching usage?

Hydrogen peroxide used in tooth bleaching is classified into three. These are based on the amount of concentration that includes (1) the use of 30% to 35% of the hydrogen peroxide which is strictly for professional teeth whitening use (2) the use of 10% of hydrogen peroxide commonly associated with products dispensed by the dentist for home teeth bleaching product formulation and (3) the use of 6% of hydrogen peroxide for over-the-counter teeth bleaching products.

How Hydrogen Peroxide is useful for Teeth Whitening

Hydrogen peroxide assists in the degradation of complex organic and high molecular weight molecules, which are reflected in particular wavelength of light, which results to the production of certain stain colors. This process of degradation helps lower the molecular weight of these molecules resulting to the reduction or elimination of tooth discoloration. Dentists include this in their teeth whitening formulation because it has seen to effectively lighten the color o f the dentin and the enamel due to the easy passage of urea and peroxide through the tooth.

How long will teeth whitening treatment using hydrogen peroxide last?

The fastest time for teeth to whiten using hydrogen peroxide is three months, but those who are suffering from heavy tobacco stains and tetracycline stains may need to wait for as much as six months of nightly treatment before they can see the evident change.

What are the dental techniques associated with hydrogen peroxide teeth whitening procedure?

There are various dental techniques associated with the teeth whitening treatment using hydrogen peroxide. Some are as follow:

• It can be placed in dentist produced or commercially created trays.
• It can incorporated in strips that are also commercially available for public use. These strips are to be worn twice a day for approximately 30 minutes within a 14 day period before you see its effect.
• It is used in paint on gels for teeth whitening which are also sold in most stores. The gel has to be placed on the teeth for an overnight period and in due time, users will see how their teeth will lighten.
• In some instances, dentists may recommend combined abrasion techniques or bonded restorations to these whitening treatments in order to adder non-esthetic white areas of the teeth.

What is the general consideration which has to be evaluated before dentists prescribe teeth whitening treatment to their patients?

Due to the strength of the hydrogen peroxide, a dental examination has to be performed by the dentist before authorizing any teeth whitening treatment to the patient.

• Tooth restorations performed on the patient has to be taken into consideration because hydrogen peroxide will have no effect on the color of porcelain teeth, tooth fillings, and other restorative materials.
• Expectations desired by the patient should be corrected by the dentist. In as much as teeth whitening solution will help lighten the teeth color, it cannot produce a perfect set of white teeth. It has its own limitations.
• The lifestyle and habits of the patient will also be requested. It is useless to perform teeth whitening treatment on someone who is proven alcohol drinker or smoker because it will produce counter-effects on the whitening solution treatment.
• Other dental concerns include cracks on the tooth enamel, exposed root surfaces, and tooth defects.

Side effects (Dangers)

The use of hydrogen peroxide in teeth whitening products have been declared safe by the FDA, as long as the concentration is strictly followed, yet patients who wish to take advantage of its benefits should also be aware of its possible side effects. Some of which are as follow:

Mild tooth sensitivity

Some users experience pain when drinking or eating hot and cold foods. This is one of the common side effects of teeth whitening products as a result of the teeth’s chemical reaction to the solution.

Throat soreness

This is most likely to occur if patients accidentally swallow the teeth whitening solution.

Gum pain and irritation

Minimal amount of hydrogen peroxide does not propose any threat to the oral health of the user. In fact, studies show that 1.5% of hydrogen peroxide contained in mouth wash products is proven effective in preventing gingival problems.

Tongue discoloration

Research studies show that excessive use of mouth wash which contains hydrogen peroxide also results to tongue discoloration.

Those who failed to follow the instructions of their dentists or the guide included in over-the-counter teeth whitening products suffer from damaged teeth enamel. Everyone should bear in mind that highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide is to be administered by professionals alone because overuse of the product will result to extreme gum irritation and mouth irritation. Strictly follow the prescription of your dentist to avoid any unwanted discomforts to occur.

What is the difference between hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide?

Carbamide peroxide is another chemical solution which can be used in teeth whitening. However it’s primarily role is to slow down the process of decomposition and is usually combined with hydrogen peroxide for a better teeth whitening effect and additional teeth shelf life.

What are the traits of carbamide peroxide?

Carbamide peroxide comes in the form of white crystals or crystal powder and is highly soluble in water. It has bigger molecular weight of 94.1 compared to hydrogen peroxide yet shares similar side effects like skin irritation and ulceration if swallowed in large amounts.

Points to remember

It is safer to use teeth whitening products that are prepared by your dentist but it is best if you will choose the more expensive in-house teeth whitening treatment. You will realize that it is more economical in the future because it will give you a higher assurance that you will not suffer from unwanted health complications related to hydrogen peroxide toxicity.

Reference

1. http://www.saudident.com/album/data/media/17/The_bleaching_of_teeth-A_review_of_the_literature.pdf

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Wisdom Tooth Pain

Picture 1 – Wisdom Teeth Picture

Wisdom teeth will certainly cause wisdom tooth pain which is one of the most dreaded conditions there is when having a wisdom tooth. This is one of the main reasons why they are extracted. The usual form of pain is impaction.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Procedure

The wisdom teeth removal procedure first consists of a dentist gaining access the tooth. If the wisdom tooth is beneath the gums and is totally encased inside the bone, the dentist will be required to make a gum tissue and remove a part of the bone that is over the tooth. And since each part is smaller than the whole tooth, it would be removed part by part through a smaller opening.

Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom teeth are extracted for a few reasons. One of these reasons for wisdom tooth extraction is when a wisdom tooth must fail to completely erupt through the bed of the gum and then the gum which is below the wisdom teeth would extend over the biting surface which would form a very soft tissue lid or flap around the wisdom tooth which is called operculum. An operculum covered tooth can be a very huge problem. The tooth would be really hard to clean with the use of a toothbrush and the person would have to use advanced cleaning techniques which includes the utilization of a plastic syringe without a needle to wash the tooth moderately with water or simply with hydrogen peroxide. Having an operculum is not a good thing. Food particles may be trapped inside the operculum which would later lead to bacteria and debris buildup causing more complications and pain.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Pain

Picture 2 – Wisdom Tooth

After the removal, there would be wisdom teeth removal pain. Some problems cannot be avoided but there are some which can be prevented. The patient must not disregard any given instruction given by the dentist to prevent more pain. Some problems can even be life-threatening. Bleeding and oozing is one of the natural problems which would last up to three days.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Post Operative Care

After the surgery, wisdom teeth removal post operative care procedures must be done. This includes putting pressure on the teeth in order to stop the inevitable bleeding. Applying tannic acid is also helpful in order to form a clot which can be done by wrapping a tea bag in a piece of gauze. Elevation of the patients head when sleeping is also helpful to prevent swelling. Taking in steroids are helpful as well as placing ice at the tooth. A proper diet must be taken during recovery.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Recovery Time

After the surgery, the wisdom teeth removal recovery time is often two to three days.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Complications

Some of the wisdom teeth removal complications may include:

• Side effects of anaesthetics and other medications given during the surgery
• Swelling, discoloration, pain, bruising and discomfort at injection sites, face or jaws.
• Mouth-sinus hole which will result to sinusitis and then further lead to other infections.
• Nerve damage which leads to numbness of lip, chin, cheek, teeth and tongue.
• Lower jaw fracture due to excessive force to the lower jaw.
• Air Embolism.
• Brain abscess and even brain damage.

Wisdom Teeth Removal Care

During the surgery, the dental surgeon must take wisdom teeth removal care procedures in order to have a proper surgery and to prevent further complications. The surgeon must have a set of clean equipment. One of the mandatory care procedures is applying anesthetic in order to numb the teeth and the surrounding tissues so that the patient won’t feel pain. Nitrous oxide may also be applied.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom_Tooth

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